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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 affected millions of lives globally and led to devastating impact on public health. India had also witnessed the dreadful effect of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Within a short span of time, various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were developed using different platforms across the world. India has also developed one such indigenous whole-virion inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccine named as BBV152 (Covaxin). The Covaxin has been found to be immunogenic and second most widely used vaccine in India. Recent studies have also shown significant increase in the humoral and neutralizing antibody response post the administration of booster dose against Omicron variant. Apparently, there is limited data on the long-term persistence of the immune response against the Covaxin in Indian context. Method(s): We evaluated an effectiveness of the Covaxin and comparing its specific immune responses in two categories through prospective cohorts recruited at the vaccination centre, Pune during June 2021 to March 2022. We defined the study population in two groups who were COVID-19 naive individuals (group-1) and COVID-19 recovered individuals (group-2) prior to the immunization with Covaxin. The two cohorts and the study participants were decided considering the baseline antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 positivity rate, sample power and loss to follow up. The study population was assessed during three follow-ups at second dose, one and six months post second dose to determine the immune response and effectiveness using S1-RBD IgG ELISA and neutralizing antibody response (NAbs) by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Result(s): We enrolled participants between age group of 18-80 year (median 32 years). In group-1 and group-2, we recruited 118 and 128 participants respectively. The cohort retention was found to be> 85%,>70% and>40% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow up respectively. Loss to the 3rd follow up was coincided with third wave with omicron variant. A rise in geometrical mean titre (GMT) of S1-RBD IgG were observed amongst the participants of both the groups at one-month post immunization (Group 1: S1-RBD: 154.4 to 446.3, Group 2 S1- RBD: 918 to 1127). However, the GMTs at six months post vaccination found to be slightly raised in Group 1 compared to one-month follow-up. Considering the hybrid immunity in group 2 participants, the GMTs of NAbs were higher than group 1 participants at each follow-up against B.1, Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Both the groups had shown significant reduction in the levels of NAbs against Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 compared to B.1. The lowest GMTs of NAbs was observed against BA.1 variant. The IgG and NAbs persisted till six months in 90% participants in both categories except BA.1 variant. Breakthrough cases were reported at one-month (n = 1) and six-months (n = 2) post vaccination respectively from group 1. While reinfection cases (n = 3) were detected at six months post vaccination from group 2 due to Omicron BA.1 variant. Conclusion(s): A two-dose regimen of the Covaxin vaccine enhanced humoral immune response in adults with/without past COVID-19 infection and protected more than 90% adults against SARSCoV-2 infection. Additionally, IgG and NAb responses persisted for six months postvaccination.
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Amidst Covid-19, identity fraud in exams is becoming more and more advanced. Therefore, identifying these fake candidates accurately has become a difficult problem in exam administration. The novelty of this work is the introduction of optimized Inception ResNetV2 for an ideal online testing system where the system can detect the faces of test-takers and generate a report of the automated monitoring of the candidate. The point of the work is to design a biometric module that is to be implemented as the candidate authentication and identity verification proctoring method for the exams. For research, the suggested method concentrates on a single image. The system integrates various technologies, such as facial imaging, human-computer interaction, data transmission, and communication. Using video proctoring, the system can continuously monitor the examinee's behaviour by live streaming. This is done by using, MediaPipe Face Mesh, MediaPipe Face Detection, Pretrained Inception-ResNet-v2 Convolutional Neural Network, Django Framework, and OpenCV. The proposed work involves two modules: Online Examination Management and Face Recognition Proctor. This research attempts to build automated face recognition and identity features in order to detect fraud. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Imports and export have a significant contribution to increasing the effect of economies of scale and industrialization and lead to an increase in foreign exchange earnings. The oil and gas industry is a prime factor of development in the Indian economy. The natural gas and petroleum sector of India contributes one-seventh percent of the South Asian countries. Petroleum products can be considered ranked among the top five contributors of export trade in India. With the spread of COVID-19 at an exponential rate leading to shut down of industries, manufacturing, transportation, and offices, it has widely impacted the global supply chain. This research aims at studying the effect of COVID-19 on the export and import volumes of petroleum products and crude oil in India. Along with that, the research also covers the changes observed in the consumption and production of petroleum products and domestic and international exchange rate of crude oil before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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This paper projects machine learning as a valuable tool for the restriction of the Covid-19 pandemic escalation in the global scenario. The proposed system involves detection of masked or unmasked people and a temperature sensing system for ensuring Covid-19 appropriate protocol is followed to allow only healthy person(s) in public/crowded places. The integration of Arduino Uno and MLX90614 non-contact temperature sensor, along with a MobileNetV2 machine learning model, is performed for complete execution. The system will classify a person as a masked or unmasked individual using ML techniques and detect their body temperature. If the individual meets the appropriate requirements, the system will enable them to access via the gate, which will be controlled by a servo motor in conjunction with a temperature sensor module. © 2022 IEEE.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global health hazard due to its rapid dissemination and limited treatment options. Identification of possible treatments that may kill the virus, speed up the recovery, or reduce the case fatality rate is a need of hour. However, developing and producing particular COVID-19 medicines and vaccines is a time-consuming process with possibilities of clinical failures due to safety or efficacy issue. Medication repositioning is a safer and quicker approach for dealing with the COVID-19 worldwide threat right now. Out of 48 FDA-approved medicines tested against SARS-CoV-2, niclosamide is one amongst few that has shown potential in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, the currently available oral conventional formulation of niclosamide results in systemic medication levels those are unsatisfactory to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Hence, various formulation strategies have been adapted in order to achieve an optimum therapeutic outcome of niclosamide when delivered via oral, inhalation, and intranasal routes. Some of these formulations are presently undergoing clinical trials. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of niclosamide and its repurposing effectiveness against COVID-19. The delivery strategies to improve its bioavailability have been overviewed. The recently completed and ongoing clinical trials have also been summarized. © 2023 The Authors.
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Research methodology: This case is based on a project carried out in a tertiary care hospital of the Northeastern region of India for a period of eight months and is written by Dr Ankit Singh, Dr Meenal Kulkarni and Mr Avinash Poojari. The case was developed with the help of the hospital's management team, disguised on request as Mr Raghugopal Ramalinga (Chief Hospital Administrator), Mr Suresh Kumar (Chief Engineer), Ms Linney Krubah (Chief Nursing Superintendent), Dr Premanand Ale (Chief Medical Superintendent) and Mr Srikrishna Shukla (Chief Finance Officer). Case overview/synopsis: This case is about Trident Hospital, which faces issues pertaining to oxygen supply. Oxygen supply at Trident Hospitals is through three options as highlighted in the case, but due to the lack of preventive maintenance and no risk assessment done for the crucial medical oxygen, interruptions and additional work for the staff became a common phenomenon. The existing situation can lead to patient harm or death and can attract medico-negligence suit against the hospital, threatening the overall existence of the hospital. The hospital administrator is currently viewing the problem from only the cost perspective, which is a high-risk and a short-term approach. Complexity academic level: Students pursuing full time/part time/diploma programme in health-care management, hospital administration/hospital operations;and undergraduate and post-graduate level students. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 recognized on 31st December 2019 in Wuhan, China which was declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Haematological and inflammatory test results are found to be peculiar in COVID-19 patients. Aim(s): This study was conducted to add to the knowledge database of haematological values in Covid patients and to correlate with clinical findings wherever possible to carry out timely intervention. Method(s): This was a prospective cohort study conducted from July 2020 to December 2021 in a tertiary care centre at Pune in Western Maharashtra region. The study included 603 RTPCR Covid positive patients. The patients were grouped clinically according to the severity score based on the CT/chest x-ray and SpO2 findings and their blood samples were analyzed at the Central Clinical Laboratory of our hospital for complete haematological profile. Result(s): The haematological parameters were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The mean Hb, PCV, Eosinophil, Basophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte counts were significantly low in severe category. The mean MCV, MCH, NLR, PLR, ESR and D-dimer was high in severe category. Leucocytosis and Neutrophilia were seen in severe category patients. The mean PT was prolonged in severe category patients. Overall, there were 15% deaths. Significantly, more deaths were found in severe category. Conclusion(s): Hematological and coagulation parameters are closely related to the covid-19 disease severity. Among various parameters, some like ESR, D-Dimer, NLR/PLR Ratio can be used as a reliable predictor of severity. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Background: There have been scientific papers in the Indian setting that describe demographics, clinical characteristics, hospital course, morbidity, and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19);however, they are based on limited numbers of cases. The current study of patients with known outcomes enabled us to acquire a better understanding of the disease process and progression in COVID-19 individuals, as well as correlate the factors affecting the outcome. Method(s): This study was carried out at a COVID-19 tertiary care facility at Dr. D. Y.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune. The demographic and clinical information, laboratory parameters of admitted COVID19 patients were collected were subsequently analysed. Categorical variables were analysed using either the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Result(s): Out of 603, 515 (85.4%) patients were discharged while 88 (15.8%) patients were died. The mean age of dead COVID-19 patients was significantly higher as compared to discharged COVID-19 patients. Serum urea, Serum Creatinine, serum AST, Serum total bilirubin, Serum Conjugated Bilirubin, serum LDH, Serum CRP and Serum Ferritin, Hb, PCV, TLC, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio, platelets to lymphocyte ratio, ESR and D-dimer were differ significantly between discharged and dead COVID-19 cases whereas the levels of Serum ALT, Serum ALP, Serum Unconjugated bilirubin, MCV,MCH platelet count, PT and aPTT were remained comparable between discharged and dead COVID-19 cases. Multivariate analysis showed that Serum urea, D-dimer, ESR, NLR, PLR neutrophil and TLC were the significant predictors of COVID-19 death in our study. Conclusion(s): This study revealed that in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, older age, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, serum LDH, and urea levels were strongly linked to an increased risk of mortality. To enhance patient care and results, healthcare professionals should identify these aspects at the time of diagnosis. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 recognized on 31st December 2019 in Wuhan, China which was declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Haematological and inflammatory test results are found to be peculiar in COVID-19 patients. Aim(s): This study was conducted to add to the knowledge database of haematological values in Covid patients and to correlate with clinical findings wherever possible to carry out timely intervention. Method(s): This was a prospective cohort study conducted from July 2020 to December 2021 in a tertiary care centre at Pune in Western Maharashtra region. The study included 603 RTPCR Covid positive patients. The patients were grouped clinically according to the severity score based on the CT/chest x-ray and SpO2 findings and their blood samples were analyzed at the Central Clinical Laboratory of our hospital for complete haematological profile. Result(s): The haematological parameters were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The mean Hb, PCV, Eosinophil, Basophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte counts were significantly low in severe category. The mean MCV, MCH, NLR, PLR, ESR and D-dimer was high in severe category. Leucocytosis and Neutrophilia were seen in severe category patients. The mean PT was prolonged in severe category patients. Overall, there were 15% deaths. Significantly, more deaths were found in severe category. Conclusion(s): Hematological and coagulation parameters are closely related to the covid-19 disease severity. Among various parameters, some like ESR, D-Dimer, NLR/PLR Ratio can be used as a reliable predictor of severity. Copyright © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global health hazard due to its rapid dissemination and limited treatment options. Identification of possible treatments that may kill the virus, speed up the recovery, or reduce the case fatality rate is a need of hour. However, developing and producing particular COVID-19 medicines and vaccines is a time-consuming process with possibilities of clinical failures due to safety or efficacy issue. Medication repositioning is a safer and quicker approach for dealing with the COVID-19 worldwide threat right now. Out of 48 FDA-approved medicines tested against SARS-CoV-2, niclosamide is one amongst few that has shown potential in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, the currently available oral conventional formulation of niclosamide results in systemic medication levels those are unsatisfactory to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Hence, various formulation strategies have been adapted in order to achieve an optimum therapeutic outcome of niclosamide when delivered via oral, inhalation, and intranasal routes. Some of these formulations are presently undergoing clinical trials. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of niclosamide and its repurposing effectiveness against COVID-19. The delivery strategies to improve its bioavailability have been overviewed. The recently completed and ongoing clinical trials have also been summarized. Copyright © 2023 The Authors.
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Ayurveda is one of the ancient healing sciences of India and most of the medicines are used by public in their traditional food for healthier life. During last few decades majority of people in India ignored their traditional food and ayurvedic medicines to improve immune system. During this Covid-19 pandemic, Indians shifted towards traditional ayurvedic formulations to protect their family from this disease. A systematic research study is conducted that shows tremendous increase in awareness of Ayurveda during covid-19 pandemic. In this study, views are collected from variety of persons as a sample by circulating a questionnaire in online mode and data collected is stored in table. Some data is then interpreted and analyzed as a research by using research methodology. Hypothesis testing is conducted at the end by using appropriate statistical methods. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: COVID pandemic has led to shut down of societies, cities and even biggest countries of the world. To combat this pandemic, different scientists of many countries have started developing vaccines and they have succeeded in developing vaccines against SARS-CoV2. There are many myths regarding covid vaccination among general population. Objectives: to find out acceptance of covid vaccination and myths associated with it in general population. Methodology: an online web based cross sectional survey was conducted by using Google forms among 216 adult participants. Statistical analysis was done by using EPI INFO7 statistical software. Results: 216 participants were included in the study. 4.63% population was not willing to take covid vaccination. 4% believe that there is no need to get vaccinated if they got the disease previously. For information about the virus or the disease most people either turned to health professionals or social media. Many myths were present in the population regarding side effects and effectiveness of vaccination. Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness regarding covid vaccination among general population. Active efforts should be made at all levels to remove myths regarding vaccination.
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Introduction Pandemic has affected health care globally affecting the routine practices in hospitals. Treatment delivery for cancer patients posed specific challenges in lieu of reducing risk of exposure. The current report evaluates the effect of COVID-19 on breast cancer treatment and management at a single-surgeon cancer care unit in one of the hotspots in India. Prashanti Cancer Care Mission (PCCM), is a public charitable trust that supports an Oncosurgeon's practice with a mission to support cancer patients by providing subsidized treatment, counselling, and fostering support group activities. PCCM's Orchid's Breast Health clinic is a multidisciplinary health care unit working closely in association with PCCM's research arm Centre for translational cancer research (CTCR). Methods In response to the pandemic, adjustments were made in the clinical practice to accommodate social distancing. Patient consultations were done over phone call or in-clinic visit with prior appointment to reduce the risk of exposure. Total number of patients treated at the clinic, total footfall, chemotherapies administered, and essential surgeries performed were assessed Results The report summarizes the effect of pandemic on cancer care and management at a single unit of cancer clinic through various phases of lock-down that were implemented in India to curb the spread of COVID-19. Conclusions The methodology adopted here for care and management of the cancer patients can serve as a guiding principle for cancer care units in the country.
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Objective: An acute respiratory infection of unknown origin was first detected in Wuhan, China, and reported to the WHO on December 31, 2019, and within a month, this outbreak was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study was carried out with an objective to assess the spectrum of clinical presentations and host-related factors in outcome of COVID-19 during the first wave. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study on 427 laboratory conformed COVID-19 cases at tertiary care center in North India during 6 months of the first wave. The demographic data, clinical profiles, comorbid conditions, treatment given, duration of hospital stay, and outcome were collected on a predesigned pro forma by the investigator himself and entered a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 software. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 48.70 years. Majority (34.89%) belonged to above 60 years. About 74% were male. Mean duration of symptoms before detection was 1.30 and mean duration of hospital stay was 11.98 days. Majority had fever (73.54%) followed by myalgia (49.88%). About 85.48% had more than 3 symptoms and 69.32 had symptoms for less than 3 days before getting detected. About 40.52% had comorbidities and only 14.05% had history of contact with COVID confirmed case. Only 8.2% were asymptomatic while 23.19% had severe symptoms. Majority 91.57% were admitted to hospital while only 8.43% were put under home isolation. About 74% were positive on rapid antigen test (RAT) while 29.51% needed RT PCR test to turn positive. About 28.1% had bilateral pneumonia on chest X-ray findings. About 6.3% of were pregnant ladies. The overall mortality rate of our hospital during that 6-month period was 4.69%. Out of all parameters, only age category was statistically significant associated with outcome on discharge while other variables such as comorbidity, symptom duration, and severity of disease during admission did not show any statistically significant association. Conclusion: This single-center study provided the spectrum of clinical presentations and host-related factors in outcome of COVID-19 during the first wave which may help in decrease the burden of disease, minimize social disruption, and reduce the economic impact associated with a pandemic. Early detection, admission, and treatment of individuals with comorbidities and elderly would increase the recovery from the disease, thereby reduce mortality.
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To find a cure for Covid-19 has been a constant struggle, and one field that goes unexplored is the possibility of using fungal metabolites as a remedy. As fungal metabolites are known to showcase a wide range of biological activities, with this set insight, the present research goes on to explore fungal metabolites as a means to find a drug for treating Covid-19. WithIP: protease182.75.148.10enzyme On: asThu,the 07 mainApr focus,2022 many14:16:09antiviral compounds/metabolites from various fungal species were screened, then made to udergo various in Silico activities. In this study, 18 Copyright: American Scientific Publishers fungal metabolites with antiviral properties were extracted from the antibiotic database and then put through Delivered by Ingenta molecular docking with the help of software such as AutoDock Vina and PyRx. The drug-likeness properties were analyzed using pkCSM. There were five likely chemicals against the Mpro enzyme of COVID-19, which are (Chromophilone I, iso, F13459, Stachyflin, acetyl, Chromophilone II, iso and A-108836). Molecular Dynamics simulations helped achieve a hit, Chromophilone I. Naturally obtained Phyto-compounds will help establish a dependable medication or support lead identification, which was achieved by utilizing existing strategies. In Vitro and in Vivo studies can be conducted to analyze further the effectiveness of the identified hit against Covid-19.
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Learning Objectives: Given the ongoing pandemic, the authors hope to determine which of the commonly implemented COVID-19 hospital-directed wellness initiatives were most effective for physicians, enabling tailored recommendations for future wellness plans. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare workers. Many hospitals have instituted wellness initiatives. The optimal hospital-directed wellness initiatives during a pandemic are currently unknown. Objectives: The authors hope to determine which of the commonly implemented COVID-19 hospital-directed wellness initiatives were most effective for physicians, enabling tailored recommendations for future wellness plans. The hypothesis is that some hospital-directed wellness initiatives are significantly more effective than others. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was distributed via EM specific online email listservs and message boards, including ACEP, CORD, and SAEM/RAMS. Emergency Medicine physicians practicing in the USA were recruited;sample size was determined via convenience sample. Survey questions included practice setting, geographic location within the US, and pandemic-specific wellness initiatives implemented at institutions. Likert scale (1-5) responses were assessed for self reported effectiveness of each of the specified hospital wellness initiatives. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 527 responses eligible for inclusion. Morale at the time of the survey was significantly worse than morale at peak (4.36 v 4.57, p = 0.02). The most effective interventions were direct payment, informal debriefing sessions among staff, free food and community Thank You cards. The least effective was the use of a victory song. The most common intervention was free food. The least common was direct payment. Among effective interventions, only free food was offered a majority of the time. Conclusions: Hospital-directed wellness plans should focus resources on more effective interventions such as direct payments, free food, informal debriefing sessions, and community Thank You cards. Wellness plans should continue even after COVID-19 cases lessen.
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Introduction: In India modern service delivery technologies like telemedicine are emerging promptly in healthcare sector. Successful implementation and utilization of novel technology hinges on several significant aspects together with knowledge, and attitude regarding technology and its user operating environment. Aim: Primary objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards telemedicine in Vijayawada division of Andhra Pradesh state of India. Methods: A randomized survey was conducted among healthcare professionals. A total of 123 respondents from medical and para-medical departments have participated in the study. A well-defined questionnaire was utilized to determine the knowledge and attitude of respondents about telemedicine. Data is entered and analysed using MS Excel 365 and SPSS 20. Pearson Correlation test was used to test the correlation between knowledge and attitude and Chi-Square test to assess the significant differences amongst gender and respondent's knowledge, and between gender and attitude of respondents about telemedicine. < 0.05 was considered as significant P-value. Results: 52.57% respondents had good knowledge level, of which 54.34% were males, there was no significant difference between respondent's gender and their level knowledge with respect to telemedicine. Regarding attitude towards telemedicine 57.45% respondents had positive attitude towards telemedicine. Also, there was no significant difference between gender and attitude of respondents towards telemedicine. The Pearson Correlation value 0.699 indicates that a positive correlation exists between Knowledge and Attitude. Conclusion: Outcomes of the analysis indicate that though the respondent's knowledge about telemedicine is average. Majority of respondents had positive attitude about telemedicine. COVID 19 has brought more light on telemedicine, and at this period it is very important to consider creating awareness and training the users as abundant knowledge and optimistic attitude towards the technology are significant factors to for any healthcare professional to implement and practice telemedicine.
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In this pandemic situation of Covid-19, the whole world had suffered a lot. Whatever issues occurred is very uncertain and unexpected. In the life cycle of a human being, it is always desirable to be safe and have a secure lifestyle in every aspect. To face sudden, unexpected situation insurance is one of the solutions. Nowadays due to increasing awareness among the society people are more inclined towards taking medical insurance from various companies. As we know there are several companies in ensuring the various diseases, climatic hazards, man-made and natural emergencies. Insurance money is going to support the human in morally and financially. The insurance companies are having their own rules and regulations for giving money/claims to a client. Some hidden calculations are always out of reach to the common man. Day by day accurate insurance calculation and claim for money become a challenging task for society. In this paper, a system has been developed using a machine learning algorithm for accurate claim calculation. Implemented system will help the client to claim monthly or quarterly premiums based on various parameters like the number of family members you want to insure, the total income of the family, the expected amount of insurance, age group of family members, etc. To make the process more user-friendly and fast, we have developed a website. The claim will be confirmed after the proper identification and verification of the client. © 2021 IEEE.
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Background : Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. Covid-19 disease is associated with a hypercoagulable state, leading to microvascular and/or macrovascular thrombosis. The role of anticoagulation in Covid-19 is debatable. Aims : To compare outcomes of chronic anticoagulation and/or antiplatelets versus no chronic anticoagulation or antiplatelets in Covid-19 patients. Methods : This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed Covid-19 and over the age of 18 years who presented to the Trinity Health hospitals from March 8, 2020, to May 15, 2020. The exposed group was defined as patients who received chronic anticoagulation (warfarin, direct oral anticoagulant) or antiplatelet therapy or both(for more than one-month duration) for reasons other than Covid-19 disease while control group patients were defined as those who did not receive these therapies prior to admission. The primary outcome of the study is a composite outcome to compare mortality, length of hospital stay, readmission rate, rate of intubation, and length of Intensive-Care-Unit admission. Baseline characteristics and Covid-19 related treatment were compared in both groups (Table 1). The chi-square test and the student's t -test were used to compare the outcome in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results : There were 3180 patients who were Covid-19 positive during the study period;452 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 183 patients in the exposed group and 269 patients in the control group. In the exposed group there was a significantly higher three-months mortality rate (30.6% vs. 16%;P < 0.0005) compared to the control group. There were no significant associations between readmission rate, rate of intubation, length of hospital stay, and length of ICU stay by the group. Conclusions : Our results showed higher mortality in patients on chronic anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy.